1. A vague or overly broad research problem
Reviewers want a focused, answerable question. Narrow your scope until the problem is specific, significant and feasible within your timeline.
2. A weak literature gap
Summarising the literature is not enough — you must show precisely what is missing and why it matters. Position your study as the answer to that gap.
3. Methodology that doesn’t fit the question
Your methods must flow logically from your objectives. Justify every choice: design, sampling, instruments and analysis.
4. Ignoring feasibility
Ambition is good; impossibility is not. Be realistic about data access, time and resources.
5. Poor structure and language
Clarity signals rigour. A well-organised, carefully edited proposal earns reviewer confidence before they reach your ideas.
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